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How It Works: AI Medical Search Engine

Dr. Sameer Aggarwal, MD
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June 18, 2025

Artificial Intelligence and Medical Search

What are large language models (LLMs)?

Large Language Models (LLMs), like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, are trained on vast datasets and generate context-specific answers. But they face two major limitations:

  • Hallucinations – LLMs may fabricate information or citations.
  • Outdated Knowledge – LLMs are static and limited by their last training date.

What Is a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Model?

RAG models combine the power of LLMs with real-time data retrieval from trusted sources. Our system taps into Semantic Scholar, PubMed and others extensive academic database, offering:

  • Accurate
  • Context-specific
  • Up-to-date responses
  • > 80M Academic Medical Research Articles

What Is Semantic Scholar?

Semantic Scholar is a curated research database with over 200 million academic papers, offering peer-reviewed and trusted information. Our model is finely tuned to extract insights from medical literature - > 80M papers.

How does a RAG work? 

  1. Input Query – The user asks a medical question.
  2. Vectorization – The query is turned into a vector representation.
  3. Database Search – That vector is matched with relevant academic research.
  4. Augmentation – Retrieved information enhances the original query.
  5. LLM Processing – The improved query is passed to the LLM.
  6. Result – You get a concise, evidence-based answer, complete with references.

Simplistic Representation of a RAG Pipeline

Why Do Medical Clinicians Need RAG Models?

  1. Accuracy and Trustworthiness
    Pulls only from peer-reviewed data, avoiding hallucinations.
  2. Real-Time Evidence
    Delivers the latest guidelines and medical research instantly.
  3. Context-Aware
    Answers are tailored to the specific clinical situation.
  4. Citation Transparency
    Every answer includes a source, making validation easy.

AI RAG Search Engine vs. Traditional Search & UpToDate

Advantages/Disadvantages of AI RAG vs. PubMed vs. UpToDate Search Methods

Why Trust Matters in Medicine

  • Patient Safety – Eliminates guesswork with accurate answers.
  • Clinical Efficiency – Saves time during decision-making.
  • Regulatory Compliance – Aligned with evidence-based standards.

Your Partner in Evidence-Based Medicine

With AI-powered search enhanced by Semantic Scholar, PubMed and other validated medical literature sources, you can trust every answer is clear, current, and clinically relevant.

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